干旱、渍涝和低温胁迫对小麦生理生化特性的影响

以豫麦62号为材料，用豫麦18号作对照，研究了灌浆期干旱、渍涝和拔节期低温胁迫下，叶片中游离脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性糖(WSS)、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的变化。结果显示，在干旱和低温胁迫下豫麦62号的WSS和MDA变化较对照材料小，而SOD活性的升幅则大于对照；干旱胁迫下豫麦62号Pro的变化小于对照，低温胁迫下则大于对照；渍涝胁迫下2品种的上述各指标较接近。     

丙基双氢茉莉酮酸酯诱导棉花耐黄萎病的效应

温室内以10mg·L 1的丙基双氢茉莉酮酸酯(PDJ)灌根预处理后,再用黄萎病菌(Verticilliumdahliae)孢子悬浮液接种棉苗,处理棉苗与对照相比发病率和病情指数有所降低,表现出对棉花黄萎病的耐病性。对一些生化指标进行测定发现,PDJ灌根和接种都可引起棉苗叶片中苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)活性升高和木质素含量的增加,与此同时棉花叶片中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量也都有所上升,在此基础上对PDJ诱导棉花耐黄萎病的可能生化机制作了归纳。     

玉米郑单958、14、18系列品种高产生理研究

郑单958、郑单14、郑单18是近年生产上推广利用的紧凑竖叶型新品种。试验从高产生理、植株特性等方面进行高产栽培的研究探讨，为大田生产提供理论依据，结果表明：郑单958、14、18表现高产，稳产，早熟。其原因：(1)叶面积指数变化合理，叶片持绿时间长，衰老慢；(2)叶片中光合色素，蛋白质和可溶性糖含量高，光合能力强；(3)过氧化物酶活性高，丙二醛积累少，光合效率高；(4)籽粒体积大，灌浆时间长，速度快，千粒重高。试验结果表明郑单14仍为最佳利用品种，建议各地大面积推广利用。种子生产注意保纯，以充分发挥该品种的增产潜力或品种优势，为社会增加更多的商品玉米和经济效益。     

葡萄多酚含量和多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性与组培苗生根关系的初步研究

研究测定了葡萄属10个种(品种)组培苗的多酚含量和多酚氧化酶(PolyphenolOxidase,PPO)的活性,对其与组培苗的生根指数进行相关性分析,并建立生根指数与多酚含量、多酚氧化酶的多项式回归方程。结果表明:不同种(品种)间多酚含量和PPO活性有显著性差异;多酚含量和PPO活性相关性显著,PPO活性和生根指数不相关,而多酚含量与生根指数呈显著负相关;从回归方程可以看出,PPO活性对生根指数的作用是非线性的,多酚含量对生根指数的作用是线性的,这说明多酚含量对组培苗生根的直接作用很大,PPO活性通过多酚含量间接影响组培苗生根而且直接作用较小。     

Critical Discussion on Abortive Interspecific Crosses in Brassica

In most interspecific hybridization among diploid Brassica species (n = 8, 9, 10), few or no hybrids are obtained, and the three crosses of tetraploid (n = 17, 18, 19) by diploid species are usually only partially successful, especially in one of the reciprocal crosses. Such a cross-incompatibility complex is explained in this paper by a polar-nuclei activation (PNA) hypothesis which proposes two reversible functions, a normal reproduction and a sexual barrier, of double fertilization in higher plants. The first, i.e. the relative activating value (AV) of diploid species, was estimated as 1.0–3.5, whereas that of tetraploid species was 2.7–5.2. In addition, crosses with a polar nuclei activation index (AI) of about 15–87 % were compatible but those beyond the two limits were incompatible, 50 % of those showing normal seed development after self-pollination.     

Agronomic Potential of Three Vetches (Vicia spp.) Under Rainfed Conditions

The major limiting factor to livestock production in West Asia and North Africa is the inadequate feed supply. The introduction of leguminous forage species into fallow lands represents a means of increasing feed supplies for the rapidly growing livestock population.
Twenty five lines each of common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.) wooly-pod vetch ( Vicia villosa ssp. dasycarpa Ten.), and bitter vetch ( Vicia ervilia L.) were tested over three seasons with contrasting rainfalls and winter temperatures. For each species, seedling vigour, winter growth, cold effect, spring growth, leafiness, herbage yield at 100 % flowering, grain yield, harvest index and aspects of herbage quality were recorded. There were considerable variation among entries with the same species, entries of V. ervilia were the earlier in flowering and maturity, and V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa almost the latest by 45 days. V. sativa , was the most affected by frost whilst both V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa and V. ervilia proved to be cold tolerant.
Although V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa produced high herbage yield in springs its grain yield is low resulting in a low harvest index. Both V. ervilia and V. sativa produced high grain yield with high harvest index. Seed yield was negatively correlated (P < 0.01) with days to flowering and maturity indicating the need of earlier types.
Quality of the herbage in term of digestibility was far lower (46 % IVDMD) in V. villosa ssp. dasycarpa than the other two species (69 % and 72 %).
The possible niches and utilization of each species as animal feed in the prevailing farming systems are discussed.     

褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究

通过14年长期定位试验研究了褐潮土不同施肥制度对土壤生产功能、产量可持续性指数及农学效率的影响。结果表明，N、P为褐潮土作物高产的主要限制因子，14年产量平均，NPK比CK、N、NK、PK分别增产459%、386%、280%、205%（小麦）和154%、108%、87%、78%（玉米）；NPK+M(NPK配施厩肥)比NPK平均增产12%，NPK+S(NPK加秸秆)与NPK产量相当。NPK及NPK配施有机肥（包括厩肥和秸秆）处理的小麦、玉米产量可持续性指数高于N、P不均衡施用处理。化肥肥效因作物种类、施肥组合而不同，N肥单施时小麦和玉米N的农学效率降低，而NPK配施时N的农学效率有上升趋势，平均分别为16 kg/kg N（小麦）和14 kg/kg N（玉米）；磷肥肥效具有短期的叠加效应，P的农学效率小麦大于玉米，种植10年后P的农学效率最高可达最初的4.5～7倍；K的农学效率在试验进行十年后NK处理平均为负值，同期NPK处理中小麦K的农学效率却急剧增加，K成为作物高产的限制因素；有机肥对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为21 kg/t和25 kg/t，秸秆对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为负值和37 kg/t。NPK均衡施肥能提高土壤有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等肥力指标；NPK配施有机肥能加快土壤有机质和N、P、K养分的积累；NPK不均衡施肥导致土壤中此种营养元素的耗竭。     

PAYING ATTENTION TO USE SIMPLEX METHOD FOR OPTIMAL MULTIPARAMETER IN THE DESIGN OF CONTROL SYSTEM

In the design of control system using simplex method for optimal multi-parameter,if the difference in number between the greatest and the smallestparameters is very great,the optimization process converges very slowly.Evenoptimal parameters can't be found at all.This paper studies the problem,analyses its cause and poses a resolution means.A testing example shows thatthis means can solve the above problem well.     

冬小麦根系干重对水分的反应类型

利用塑料管栽培方法,对15个黄淮海地区推广的小麦品种进行了根系对水分反应的研究。结果表明,这些品种的根系对水分反应不同。用聚类分析法可将品种分为正敏感型、不敏感型、较敏感型和负敏感型4种类型。品种的抗旱指数与根系反应没有明显的相关性。     

棉花杂种优势与几种生理生化指标的相关性

对８个陆地棉杂种及其亲本的四种生理生化指标进行了测定，并研究了这些指标与杂种产量优势的相关性，结果表明：幼芽匀浆互补法对Ｆ１皮棉超亲优势、中亲优势的预测相符率分别为８７．５％和７５．０％；杂种萌动种子ＡＴＰ含量普遍高于双亲平均值。超亲优势、中亲优势与杂种ＡＴＰ含量及双亲ＡＴＰ含量的平均值均呈正相关，且中亲优势与杂种ＡＴＰ含量相关显著（ｒ＝０．７１８８，Ｐ〈０．０５）；杂种产量优势与盛蕾期、盛花期的